A 43

A 43-year-old man from Boston was having a steamy cyber affair with who he thought to be a 23-year-old woman Essay A 43-year-old man from Boston was having a steamy cyber affair with who he thought to be a 23-year-old woman. He later found out the she, to his dismay, was an 80-year-old man living in a Miami nursing home. Things like this happen everyday, people mask their sex and age to avoid or attract attention on the Internet. This is only one of the reasons why the government wants to censor the Internet. They claim they want to protect the children by limiting the amount of reality they are allowed to view. But in order to do this they would need to censor the entire Internet, from everyone. This is why censorship on the Internet would be a violation of the first amendment. Censorship itself is not what most people are concerned about. Instead, how far will it go? How far is too far? When will it stop? Can the Internet ever be censored? These questions need to be answered before we can even think about censoring. In order to fully understand censorship you have to know what the Internet is. The Internet is an open interconnection of networks that enables computers to connect directly through phone lines. It allows people from around the world to communicate with the touch of a button. Its size is unimaginable, its content is uncountable. In early 1995 more than 50,000 networks and 5 million computers were connected via the Internet, with a computer growth rate of about 9 percent per month Rutkowski, Encarta. Is the Internet to large to be censored? Remember in the 1940s people said radio was uncensorable. What is censorship anyway? Censorship is the official restriction of expression thought to be harmful. Censorship restricts the flow of ideas, depriving people of information they need to maintain an open society Steffens, 11. Censorship itself is by no means a new idea. It has existed since the beginning of mankind, Playboy magazine in the 1950s, radio in the 1930s, book burning in the 1940s, steamy celluloid reels in the 1920s, and erotic pages coming off the Gutenberg press in the 1350s. People fear new technology, I believe this is the reason that people want to censor the Internet. Change is a frightening thing, but without it the human race would cease to exist. Taking over our world, computers can be good or bad depending on how you look at it. At this time there is more information on the Internet than there is in any library and it is only a matter of years before books themselves will become obsolete. By censoring the Internet the government will only be holding us back. Germany, China, Singapore, and several other countries have taken action and began to censor the Internet. The United States is not far behind. On February 8th, 1996, President Clinton signed the Communications Decency Act, which limits freedom of expression on the Internet. With this act, the very same materials which are legally available today in book stores and libraries could be illegal if posted on World Wide Web sites or Usenet newsgroups. Not only would it have made it a crime to write provocative e-mail to your lover, it would also be a crime for your Internet provider. Censorship is never for those who have experienced it. It is a brand on the imagination that affects the individual who has suffered it, forever Nadine Gordimer, Microsoft Office. What business does the government have telling people what they can and cant see anyway? If the childs parents are so concerned about what they are going to see on the Internet, there is software available that screens the Internet for just that computer. It isnt very expensive, in fact, you can even download some software from the Internet. Yet, this software is no substitute for good judgment. If you have time on your hands, if your comfortable with computing, and you have an unflagging curiosity about sex in other words, if youre a teenager you may think youve suddenly landed in pornography heaven Gleick, 26. Loki EssayHow much good How much joy? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Henry Miller, U. S. author Microsoft Office The media has over hyped sex on the Netà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the situation is nowhere near as bad as people are lead to believe. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Zarniwoop, 19 Bournemouth, England E-mail Censorship is very good, because I do not believe that their should exist a total freedom, a place where there is no law and maniacs are allowed to abuse their rights its like rotten moralsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ exist no law to censor the indecent materials, its like allow crime to happen without anyone having the power to stop it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ UFO, 18 South Africa E-mail When truth is no longer free, freedom is no longer real: the truths of the police are the truths of today. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Jacques Prevert, French poet Microsoft Office We should have the right of free speech and we have the right to do whatever, we pay the bills, we shouldnt be told what to say. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ MJ, 15 Peoria, Illinois E-mail I feel that without censorship we would be an over-run society of belligerent animals. It is too bad people do not see beyond the benefit of it all. We should always have some form of censorship. I wouldnt like my children to be exposed to some of the lingo, or acts I see and hear everyday. There should be places where it isnt restricted, like adult places, where there are not a lot of children. But as for schools, restaurants, and public buildings, censor away! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Vera, 16 Bowling Green, Ohio E-mail Censors tend to do what only psychotics do: they confuse reality with illusion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ David Cronenberg, Canadian filmmaker Microsoft Office Personally, I think that censorship should be the parents responsibility, not the web servers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Shroom, 14 Barkansted, Connecticut E-mail Im the mother of an 11 year old daughter. Bet you think you know what Im going to say dont you. It might just surprise you. For the most part I am against censorship of literature, TV, movie, and the net. What is obscene, offensive or distasteful for one person isnt always the same for another. I believe it is up to the individual to decide what should and what shouldnt be censored. Parents should be the ones to determine what their underage children can and cant read, watch or hear. We owe it to our children to provide them with a balanced view of the world. By allowing someone else to make the decision on what my daughter sees in my opinion severely limits her education in all areas of life. It is a decision she and I should make jointly as to exactly how much reality she is ready for. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Beth, 36 Joplin, Missouri E-mail Woe to that nation whose literature is cut short be the intrusion of force. This is not merely interference with freedom of press but the sealing up of a nations heart, the excision of its memory. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Russian novelist Microsoft Office Dont join the book burners. Dont think you are going to conceal faults be concealing evidence that they ever existed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dwight D. Eisenhower, U. S. general, Republican president Microsoft Office

Statement made by Peter Cane-.com

Question: Under US administrative law, judges may be required to defer to administrators interpretations of statutes, where in both English and Australian law they must never do so...Critically discuss this statement. Answer: Cane (2016), in his book Controlling Administrative Power: An Historical Comparison stated that under the administrative law of the United States, the judges can be required to defer to the interpretation of statutes by the administrators; however, the same cannot be done under the administrative law of both UK and Australia. Along with this question, Cane highlighted an array of questions which was related to the control regimes and the systems of government of the three nations. He not only drew the differentiation between the US administrative system and the administrative system of UK and Australia, but also between the administrative law of UK and Australia, by highlighting the rejection of the Australian courts of the recent developments of the English Administrative law[1]. In the following parts, a discussion has been carried on the statement made by Cane to establish the differences under the ideologies of the administrative laws of the three nations. The reason between the deference on part of the US judges and the non-deference on part of the Australian and English judges has been stated by some lawyers as the difference in the normative views, which have their basis on different values with regards to the proper relationship in between the executive and the government institutes, along with the best manner in which the administrative decision making can be controlled. The public and the constitutional law theory, from this ideological perspective is usually understood as being the branches or, or being grounded in the normative political theories, in the similar way as the criminal law or private law theory is taken to be the species based on the moral theory. The best manner of explaining this is that the lawmakers view that this is the right manner of the things to be[2]. There is a stark difference between the US law and the English and Australian law[3]. There is only a single right answer, under the English and Australian law, regarding what the specific regulation or provision is related to and what it means. And this answer is given by the ultimate court, which is the High Court for Australia and Supreme Court for the UK[4]. Though, by contrast, under the laws of US, the specific regulation or provision having a single probable meaning, or a higher number of meanings depends upon the interpretation of the particular regulation or provision. So, in case a provision is interpreted properly, it could have a higher number of meanings, then a sole meaning. And in such cases, the court in particular situations can defer to, i.e., adopt the meaning of provision, which is different from the one which has been chosen by the administrator. This is true eve when the court would have itself, chosen a diversified or varied meaning[5]. This is one point which has been noted as a key point of differentiation between the US law and the English and Australian law, and has been noted quite often. The literature has even compared the rules pertaining to the administrative interpretations judicial control with the ones of administrative policy making and fact finding regarding the judicial control. The administrative policy making and the fact finding, under the English and Australian laws, have to defer to a great or less extent. Contrasting to this, the US laws, particularly its orthodox accounts, require the deference of quite a less administrative policy making and fact finding in comparison to its administrative interpretation. Some of the writers, as a normative matter, have deemed the position under the laws of US as being anomalous and the position under that of the English and Australian laws as being consistent with the constitutional principles which are related to the courts role and the relationship present in between the administrators and the courts. A particular segment of scholars have also laid down the contention that the laws of UK and Australia need to agree to certain deference when it comes to the administrative interpretations[6]. Though, a plausible explanation on the differentiation between the US laws and that of Australia and UK are still not adequately present. And in order to understand this, there is need to go to the basics of these laws. Under the English law, the rule is very simple. The questions on the law have a single right answer and this answer is to be given by the Supreme Court of UK. And the decisions pertaining to the interpretation of regulations and statutes by the administrators are subjected to the judicial review. The role of the court is to determine if the text has been interpreted correctly or not[7]. The leading Australian case in this matter, which clears the stand of the Australian law, is the case of Corporation of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission[8]. In this case a differentiation was made between the facts which were jurisdictional and the ones which were non-jurisdictional. They held that plurality was the standard review of administrative fact finding and not the administrative statutory interpretation[9]. Under the laws of US, there are broadly three key varieties of administrative interpretations judicial deference[10]. These have been named after the eponymous cases of Skidmore Deference[11], the Seminole Rock (or Auer) deference[12], and the Chevron deference[13]. The Skidmore deference based on the determination of the federal agency to be entitled to judicial respect in case the determination has been authorized by the statute and has been made on the basis of the informed judgment and the experience of the agency[14]. Under the Auer or Seminole Rock deference, the agency interpretations are given binding deference by the courts, with regards to their own regulations[15]. The Chevron deference refers to the deference of the courts of the agency interpretations of the statutes, till the time they are unreasonable[16]. The three strand of the reasoning support more or less, the courts deference regarding the administrative interpretations, where the two are substantive and one is f ormal. When the Chevron decision is read on the basis of concept of interpretation, the first step which has to be taken is to decide if the provisions are reasonable open to more than one meaning on the basis of their interpretation and the second step on this regard is to choose between the meanings which require policy making. If these are put down in familiar terms of the Australian or the UK law, the first requirement would be regarding the answer on the question of law and the second requirement would be regarding the exercising of discretion. It is well known that the criteria for the judicial review of answer to question of law of the administrator is different under the three nations; law regarding the administrative policy making and fact finding. Though, exercising discretion which has been conferred through the provisions cannot be distinguished from the reasonable interpretation of the provisions in a purely analytical manner[17]. To clarify the stands of the three laws, the US laws state that the power regarding the interpretation of the regulations and statutes is shared between the executive and the judiciary. And a contrasting view is held under the UK and Australian law, where the conclusive interpretation of the regulations and that of the statutes is held exclusively by the judiciary. Under the laws of Australia and UK, the supreme interpreter of the regulations and statutes is the High Court and the Supreme Court, respectively. The reason for this is not due to the courts being sovereign organs in the respective governments, but because the courts are deemed as the mouthpiece and the servants of the law. Both UK and Australia are a rule of law states, in strong sense. This is coupled with the doctrine which provides that there is a single right answer to a question of law and the function of the highest court, as that of a supreme interpreter, clarifies why the courts should not make deference to admin istrative interpretations; whereas, under the laws of the US, there is an absence of a sole supreme interpreter of the regulations and of the statutes. The interpretation power is shared in between the executive and the judiciary. Under the Australian and UK laws, the interpretation of statutes and regulations is done normatively and strategically and the administrators are required to approach the interpretation in a very precise manner, as would be done by the court and on the basis of applicability of same principles, rules and mode of reasoning as employed by the court[18]. To conclude the discussion undertaken in the preceding parts, it becomes clear that the underlying differentiation in the administrative laws of the US on one hand, and that of UK and Australia on the other, have laid the foundations for the differentiation in the deference of interpretation of statutes by US and the non-deference under the laws of the UK and Australia. The US administrative laws allows the interpretation of law by both executive and judiciary, whereas the Australian and UK laws give this power only to the judiciary and this is the key reason for the different standing on the deference matter. Bibliography Cane P, Controlling Administrative Power: An Historical Comparison (Cambridge University Press, 2016) Dwyer T, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Media (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) Endicott T, Administrative Law (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed, 2015) Gifford DJ, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials (LexisNexis, 2nd ed, 2010) Groves M, Modern Administrative Law in Australia: Concepts and Context (Cambridge University Press, 2014) Wilberg H, and Elliott M, The Scope and Intensity of Substantive Review: Traversing Taggarts Rainbow (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015) Bowles v. Seminole Rock Sand Co., 325 U.S. 410, 414 (1945) Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 844 (1984) Corporation of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (1999) 199 CLR 135 Skidmore v. Swift Co., 323 U.S. 134, 140 (1944) Administrative Law Clarke C, The Uneasy Case Against Auer and Seminole Rock (2014) https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1677context=ylpr Eskridge Jr. WN, and Baer LE, The Continuum of Deference: Supreme Court Treatment of Agency Statutory Interpretations from Chevron to Hamdan (2008) https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4780context=fss_papers Legal Information Institute, Chevron Deference (2017) https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/chevron_deference Peter Cane, Controlling Administrative Power: An Historical Comparison (Cambridge University Press, 2016) Ibid Hanna Wilberg and Mark Elliott, The Scope and Intensity of Substantive Review: Traversing Taggarts Rainbow (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015) Tim Dwyer, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Media (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) At 1 Ibid Timothy Endicott, Administrative Law (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed, 2015) (1999) 199 CLR 135 Matthew Groves, Modern Administrative Law in Australia: Concepts and Context (Cambridge University Press, 2014) Conor Clarke, The Uneasy Case Against Auer and Seminole Rock (2014) https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1677context=ylpr Skidmore v. Swift Co., 323 U.S. 134, 140 (1944) Bowles v. Seminole Rock Sand Co., 325 U.S. 410, 414 (1945) Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 844 (1984) William N. Eskridge Jr. and Lauren E. Baer, The Continuum of Deference: Supreme Court Treatment of Agency Statutory Interpretations from Chevron to Hamdan (2008) https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4780context=fss_papers Daniel J. Gifford, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials (LexisNexis, 2nd ed, 2010) Legal Information Institute, Chevron Deference (2017) https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/chevron_deference At 1 Ibid

Jessica Galati Essays (671 words) - Architecture, Construction

Jessica Galati Assignment 1: Art Criticism October 8, 2013 Part One: "Where Modernity Frames Tradition" by Michael Zimmerman Jan. 9, 2013 NYT London is starting to become what one critic calls "Skyscrapers Gone Wild". Recently in London many new skyscrapers have been built and commissioned and they are not being received warmly. Their design follows a "rat race of extravagance" that has captivated most architects. They are being called "supersized, contorted, totally out of context" by the late critic Ada Louise Huxtable. This trend is something that the city of London had tried to stay uninfected, however without success. Kimmelman goes on to critique many of the newest buildings in London and their nicknames. We have buildings such as the gurken, the cheese grater, the can of ham, the walkie-talkie, and the shard, which has actually been getting reviews of being a widely successful design. The new Rothschild headquarters is no skyscraper, reaching 15 stories; however it is being remarked as more distinguished then say the walkie talkie in terms of design. The biggest idea was cutting a passage thought the site and raising the building to allow a view of the St. Stephens tower. The building is designed smooth and sleek, from the hand-carved oak cabinets on the interior and the lofted lobby. I agree strongly with the author's view of the modern monstrosity that is present day architecture. As a commuter to New York City I pass by multiple skyscrapers every day. I think every day that soon we'll have a skyline of incredibly gaudy spikes, curves, and corkscrews. Even the every day buildings are going to the extremes. For example Frank Ghery's 100 million dollar west side IAC building. This building consists of top and bottom frosted glass, walls twisting at odd angles, and a smaller scale of the bottom placed on top. This atrocious building has been described as "oddly tame". I am left speechless by this assessment. As a student of architecture I have designed some pretty zany buildings myself, not that I would ever commission even a single one of them because they would all be eyesores. I feel that soon all these towers will soon look outdated and very cheap. I hope we go through a rebirth of classical architecture soon or we may be surrounded by buildings straight out of cartoons. Part Two: Avery Coonly Playhouse: Triptych Window, 1912 by Frank Lloyd Wright This work by Frank Lloyd Wright was taken from the Avery Coonly Playhouse. This style follows Wright's love for "festive Americana" however it does have Japanese influence which was a large factor in much of Wrights work at this time period. During this time however most of the country, was designing in a prairie style, including the house this window was taken from. The window's geometric shapes and clean lines represent a whimsical and childish simplicity of the children who inhabited the playhouse it was placed in. representation of a party, with balloons, flags, and confetti. It was designed for a playhouse for children and Wright had not meant it to be taken out of its context because it would not be viewed the same. Wrights idea that that glass and the architecture were compliments of each other and that neither could stand on their own. He believed in the context of the building and the window was designed for the day-to-day living of the space he created it for, and no where else. Part Three: Being that Michael Kimmelman had much to say about architecture, I believe he would agree with my analysis of this window. I believe he would asses Wrights earlier works, their context, his ideas about architecture and design, and apply them to this piece. For example, the Light Screen by Frank Lloyd Wright was another piece of art he created in glass for a particular house, the Darwin D Martin house in Buffalo, New York. H again used an abstract mostly linear pattern however using a lush and iridescent color screen considering the inhabitants of this building. As opposed to the playhouse for children and its window, this buildings inhabitants are adults and so the pattern is not as whimsical. Again the window is not meant to be taken out of context like in the Triptych window.

How It Feels to Be Colored Me Analysis Essays

How It Feels to Be Colored Me Analysis Essays How It Feels to Be Colored Me Analysis Essay How It Feels to Be Colored Me Analysis Essay How it Feels to be Colored Me was written in 1928. Zora, growing up in an all-black town, began to take note of the differences between blacks and whites at about the age of thirteen. The only white people she was exposed to were those passing through her town of Eatonville, Florida, many times going to or coming from Orlando. The primary focus of How it Feels to be Colored Me is the relationship and differences between blacks and whites. In the early stages of Zoras life, which are expressed in the beginning of How it Feels to be Colored Me, black and whites had little difference in her eyes. She didnt even seems to differentiate between the two until her early teens. She says, I remember the very day I became colored. Before this time, she cites the only difference being that [white people] rode through town and never lived there. During this part of her work, Zora is showing her childhood view that whites and blacks are no different from one another. This view changes as a result of her being sent to a school in Jacksonville. Now being outside her town of Eatonville, she began to experience what it was like to be colored. But I am not tragically colored, she says. Zora makes it a point to show how she is not ashamed to be colored. At this point she seems to attack whites who continue to point out that she is the granddaughter of slaves by saying that blacks are moving forward. The terrible struggle that made me an American out of a potential slave said on the line! The reconstruction said Get ready! ; and the generation before said Go! Blacks have the opportunity to advance, and they should make the most of it. I am off to a flying start and I must not halt in the stretch to look behind and weep. She refuses to stay bound by the memory of slavery and by the fact that she is black. I feel most colored when I am thrown against a sharp white background. This same feeling is also related to a white person being set against the background of colored people. Unlike her childhood views, she now sees a difference between whites and blacks. This is explained by the reaction of each to a jazz orchestra at a Harlem night club. The music has a profoun dly different effect on her than it does on a white person sitting next to her. This orchestra grows rambunctious, rears on its hind legs and attacks the tonal veil with primitive fury, rendering it, clawing it until it breaks through to the jungle beyond. I follow those heathen follow them exultantly. I dance wildly inside myself; yell within, I whoop My pulse is throbbing like a war drum. I want to slaughter somethinggive pain, give death to what, I do not know. The contrast is created by the remark that the white person makes: Good music they have here. Where the music has driven Zora to these inner feelings, the white person can only sit and admire the music itself. He can get no further meaning out of it as Zora has. As she shows this difference between the white person and the black person, she also says that there are times when she has no race. During these times, she seems to revert to her childhood view that people are just people. She realizes the differences but chooses to ignore them. She ends by speaking of times when she sees her self as being a brown bag along a wall in company with many other bags or different colors. These bags can be emptied into a pile and refilled and nothing would change. A bit of colored glass more or less would not matter. In How it Feels to be Colored Me, Zora talks of when she first discovered the differences between white people and black people. Her childhood view that all people are the same was changed with her experience in life. The music that drives Zora to internal fury, the white person sees as entertainment. While these differences are apparent she knows it is not the color of skin that makes the difference. People are all the same on the inside. They could be poured out, mixed up, and filled back to be the same as they were. Like the bags along the wall, people can be different on the outside but be still be the same. How it Feels to be Colored Me. 123HelpMe. com. 13 Dec 2011

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X - Essay Example Nevertheless, the two authors seem to share feelings regarding the white run American society in which they lived. The two authors put blame on the whites for the prevailing racism; however, they agree that it was up to the black s to end the problem. Although Malcolm X and King used the black society, they had their own notions of how to deal and stop racism because Malcolm X favored the use of violence while King acknowledged the need use a nonviolent approach. King in his essay suggests a peaceful revolution although he is aware of eminent violence if peaceful demonstrations are unheeded; however, Malcolm X uses a direct and an aggressive approach in his article. Although all whites were not involved in supporting the problem of racism because some were trying to help fight for the blacks, it took Malcolm X a lot of time to figure that out. Malcolm in his essay â€Å"A homemade education† points out that he never felt truly free in his life until the time he was in prison. King in his essay talks about overestimating goodness because he acknowledges that few members of a race that oppressed another can understand the yearnings of those that have been oppressed. However, even after finding out he never received much white support as he hoped but he never lost faith in the white community (King 1; Malcolm 121-127). King in addressing the issue uses resources and references from the bible and religious icons in getting attention of the clergymen regarding the laws of segregation. Although this was an indirect route, he managed to attain what he wanted. King’s response to the clergymen uses peaceful rhetoric in presenting his arguments; moreover, he uses religious metaphors and imagery throughout his work in order to show peacefulness. King uses religious metaphors because he understands that the audience is made up of religious leaders and capable of relating to the religious symbolism he uses. King uses religion to

Searching for 15 Fallacies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Searching for 15 Fallacies - Research Paper Example This is a fallacy because there are others who have been able to get jobs. 5. Our society is becoming more dangerous. This is a fallacy of Scare tactics. It makes people believe that the world is no longer a good and safe place for anyone. It forces people into taking action to secure themselves against the insecurities of the world. 7. â€Å"This has not traditionally been a partisan issue. Lincoln laid the rails during the course of a civil war. Eisen however built the interstate highway system. Both parties have always believed that America should have the best of everything† This was a statement by Barrack Obama about infrastructure. This is a fallacy of tradition. This is because the speaker is basing their argument on past events. 8. Our Mayor’s opinion about local crime is worthless. He cannot even manage to hold his household together having been married and divorced three times already. This is a type of fallacy called Ad hominen. This statement attacks the mayor’s personal life and not his opinion on local crime. 10. We need to spend more on education. Just because the Russians are, increasing military spending does not mean we should. The future of the nation depends on the children of today. This is a fallacy of Red herring. The person changes the topic. 15. Why suffer the embarrassment of morning mouth? Use xyz toothpaste every evening and wake up to a fresh, exiting mouth. This is a slippery slope fallacy. This is because it has the option of using the toothpaste but one may use something else for fresh

Science and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science and technology - Essay Example However, even through the years of all the research, the AI project remains a failure (Kassan 1). Despite of this, Hawkins is certain that humans are capable of producing artificial intelligence (qtd. in Kassan 1). Honda, a Japanese mobile company, proved that Hawkins’s statement is rather accurate by creating ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). The robot is said to be the most human-like creation Honda has ever made. By 2005, ASIMO is â€Å"better, stronger, and faster.† ASIMO â€Å"can do things like turn on light switches, open doors, carry objects, and push carts† (Orbinger and Strickland). Robots pretty much do the things that humans cannot do or simply do not want to do. This is a good deal for people who are too busy to do the chores at home or for someone who does not want additional burden when he comes from work. Yet, the question still remains: â€Å"Do we really need robots to do all these things?† In a brighter perspective, robots ca n do things more efficiently, â€Å"and without the continuous cost and social upheaval† (â€Å"Ethical Issues†). Is this not an insult to the capacity of humans to these jobs? It seems like the term â€Å"more efficiently† degrades the value of human work. Robotics, though a proof of humans’ intelligence, should not be taken as â€Å"slave machines† and made them do all the humans are capable of doing because first, it will affect human resources and job displacements, it would alter the natural, and it would forcibly pass through human limitation and eventually leading to the realization of the concept of â€Å"Singularity.† Necessity is the mother of invention; the seed of all production, or is it? The concept of necessity seems to have changed through the course of dynamic technological revolution. In the different kinds of industry, cutting the production costs without risking quality